Monday, 5 December 2016

operational amplifier - Help getting the transfer function of a circuit


I have been trying to get the transfer function of the circuit below for some days now and I eventually get to an expression but I don't believe I am geting the correct expression and here's why (the words "Circuito" translate directly to "circuit"):


Ignore the dotted lines, those are meant to guide the analysis. I have tried to get an expression by using the superposition of the two circuits that the dotted lines enclose. So I would have:


VoutA=(1+R5R4)Vin

Since its just a mere non inverting configuration of the OpAmp. For the circuit B I would have: VoutB=(1+R5R4)(R2R2+R3V+5)


and the total response at the opamp would then be: Vout=VoutA+VoutB=(Vin+R2R2+R3V+5)(1+R5R4)


Finnaly at the passage through the RC filter it would be:


Vout=(Vin+R2R2+R3V+5)(1+R5R4)11+jωR6C3



when left in complex form. To get something to work with I wrote:


|Vout|=|(Vin+R2R2+R3V+5)(1+R5R4)|11+(2πfR6C3)2


ϕ=arctan(2πfR6C3)


However, when I use this expressions, and I fix the values of R1,R2,R4 o 1kOhm, R6 to 12kOhm, C1=1uF, C2=100uF and C3=150nF The values I get for a resistance in the places of the potentiometer are R3=5100Ohm and R5=2500Ohm when Vin is a 0.8V sinusoidal signal and Vout will be a 2.5V sinusoidal signal with a 2.5V offset. But in practice I had to use a 20k potentiometer in R5 and a 10k for R3 so My intuition is that my expression is wrong, and the simulations in multisim also point in that direction. Where is my mistake?


PS: This circuit as appeared in two other questions here in the stack but I am a bit desperate to get a correct answer and its killing me not knowing where my mistake is. enter image description here



Answer



Because of the fact that $R_3$ is a potentiometer. It is much more complicated than you think. And to simplify the equations, you should pick $R_3 << R_2$. Or add a voltage follower between POT wiper and $R_2$


Then we can write the equation for the voltage at the non-inverting input:


VNI=V1R1R1+R2+VINR2R1+R2


Or if we include the POT in the equation:



VNI=αV+5R1R1+(1α)αR3+R2+VIN(1α)αR3+R2R1+(1α)αR3+R2


Where: $\alpha =$ POT wiper position from 0 to 1.


And since $R_3$ POT is supplied from a DC voltage it will create a DC offset at the op-amp output.


Equal to Voffset=αV+5R1R1+(1α)αR3+R2(1+α5R5R4)


Where $\alpha_5 =$ is a $R_5$ POT wiper position from 0 to 1.


All this means that if for example, the DC offset at the op-amp output is set by $R_3$ to $2.5V$.


Then the op-amp output voltage will be:


VO=2.5V+VIN(1+α5R5R4)


So, now you got all the information needed to solve your problem.


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