Saturday, 1 April 2017

circuit analysis - Superposition problem with Delta-Y conversion


I'm trying to use superposition to solve the following linear circuit:


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Step I step I considered each active component as:


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But results are always wrong. Same procedure on many other circuits give me right answers, but not this one, for some obscure reason.


For example calculating I5


Step 1


Calculate parallel RP=(R5+R4)R6(R5+R4)+R6=212+1=23 Calculate serie Rtot=R1+R3+RP=3+23=113 Current for the equivalent circuit (R1 and R3 current) Itot=E1Rtot=10113=3011A Current for R5 IR5=ItotR6(R5+R4)+R6=301113=1011A


Step 2


Quite the same as Step 1 but with half of voltage and opposite sign Itot=E3Rtot=5113=1511A Current for R5 IR5=ItotR6(R5+R4)+R6=151113=511A


Step 3


Calculate parallel RP=(R5+R4)(R3+R1)(R5+R4)+(R3+R1)=232+3=65 Calculate serie Rtot=R6+RP=1+65=115 Current for the equivalent circuit (R6 current) Itot=E6Rtot=10115=5011A Current for R5 IR5=Itot(R3+R1)(R5+R4)+(R3+R1)=501135=3011A


Step 4


$\Delta$-Y conversion In circuit 3 resistors have the same value so the equivalent Y have 3 resistors of value 13 Calculate parallel RP=(R1+RA)(R3+RB)(R1+RA)+(R3+RB)=437343+73=2833 Calculate serie Rtot=RC+RP=1+2833=1311 Current for branch RA Itot=A5(R3+RB)(R1+RA)+(R3+RB)=107343+73=7011A



So I5 should be I5=1011511+3011+7011=10511A


Which is wrong because of the result must be 8511A


The same if I consider RB branch instead of RA.


What's wrong with my procedure?



Answer



I'm going to assume you were able to handle the currents correctly in all of your circuits except for the last one. I think you laid them out correctly and I'm fairly confident in your ability to work out the magnitude and direction, in those cases.


So here is the final circuit case where I think you messed up by mushing up $R_5$ into your $\Delta$-Y conversion. You need to do that conversion differently, as shown here:


schematic


simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab


Note that I didn't destroy $R_5$ with a $\Delta$-Y conversion. I chose, instead, to convert the other $\Delta$ so that $R_5$ was left intact.



At this point we don't care at all about $R_A$. All the current flows through it. We only care about how it splits, after that. Here, you can see that the two branches are $1.25\:\Omega$ and $1.5\:\Omega$. This means a $5:6$ ratio. In other words, $\frac{5}{11}$ths of the current is going to flow through the branch containing $R_5$. So the current in $R_5$ here is $\frac{5}{11}\cdot 10\:\textrm{A}=4.\overline{54}\:\textrm{A}$.


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