I recently got an AVRISmkII AVR programmer, and I have an ATtiny85 and ATmega328. I was wondering how I could program these chips (with the programmer) but when I try getting Atmel Studio 6 it is only for Windows. Is there a way I could use in Linux (Ubuntu specifically)? Ant suggestions? Thanks!
Answer
I don't have the time for a full explanation, but I can give you cookbook-style the commands I use on my Linux box to program AVRs:
- On Ubuntu, make sure several required packages are installed:
sudo apt-get install avr-libc avrdude binutils-avr gcc-avr srecord
optionally throw ingdb-avr simulavr
for debug and simulation. - I started to create a directory in which all my ATtiny projects find a home:
mkdir ~/attiny: cd ~/attiny
- For each project I create a dedicated subfolder (and I don't mind long names):
mkdir waveShare4digit8segmentDisplay; cd waveShare4digit8segmentDisplay
- Edit the source file with your favorite text editor:
vi project.cpp
The commands below heavily rely on environment variables, to keep maintenance easy.
- The base name of the files used/created:
src=project
- Common compiler flags:
cflags="-g -DF_CPU=${avrFreq} -Wall -Os - Werror -Wextra"
The variables below may need to be changed depending on the exact programmer you use. Refer to the man
pages for details.
baud=19200
The baudrate your programmer communicates at with the PC:programmerDev=/dev/ttyUSB003
The device name where your programmer is located. Checkdmesg
output for details.programmerType=avrisp
This may be different for your exact programmer.
The variables below depend on the exact controller you want to program:
avrType=attiny2313
Checkavrdude -c $programmerType
for supported devices.avrFreq=1000000
Check the controller's datasheet for default clock.
- First step is to create an object file:
avr-gcc ${cflags) -mmcu=${avrType) -Wa,-ahlmns=${src).lst -c -o ${src).o ${src).cpp
- Second step is to create an ELF file:
avr-gcc ${cflags) -mmcu=${avrType) -o ${src).elf ${src).o
- Third step is to create an Intel Hex file, this is the file that is actually sent to the programmer:
avr-objcopy -j .text -j .data -O ihex ${src).elf ${src).flash.hex
- Final step is to program the device:
avrdude -p${avrType} -c${programmerType} -P${programmerDev} -b${baud} -v -U flash:w:${src}.flash.hex
As an alternative to remembering the commands, I cooked up a makefile to my personal liking, you can save it under the name Makefile
(mind the capital M
). It works as follows:
make makefile
Edit the makefile;make edit
Edit the source file;make flash
Program the device's flash memory;make help
List other commands.
Here is the makefile:
baud=19200
src=project
avrType=attiny2313
avrFreq=4000000 # 4MHz for accurate baudrate timing
programmerDev=/dev/ttyUSB003
programmerType=arduino
cflags=-g -DF_CPU=$(avrFreq) -Wall -Os -Werror -Wextra
memoryTypes=calibration eeprom efuse flash fuse hfuse lfuse lock signature application apptable boot prodsig usersig
.PHONY: backup clean disassemble dumpelf edit eeprom elf flash fuses help hex makefile object program
help:
@echo 'backup Read all known memory types from controller and write it into a file. Available memory types: $(memoryTypes)'
@echo 'clean Delete automatically created files.'
@echo 'disassemble Compile source code, then disassemble object file to mnemonics.'
@echo 'dumpelf Dump the contents of the .elf file. Useful for information purposes only.'
@echo 'edit Edit the .cpp source file.'
@echo 'eeprom Extract EEPROM data from .elf file and program the device with it.'
@echo 'elf Create $(src).elf'
@echo 'flash Program $(src).hex to controller flash memory.'
@echo 'fuses Extract FUSES data from .elf file and program the device with it.'
@echo 'help Show this text.'
@echo 'hex Create all hex files for flash, eeprom and fuses.'
@echo 'object Create $(src).o'
@echo 'program Do all programming to controller.'
edit:
vi $(src).cpp
makefile:
vi Makefile
#all: object elf hex
clean:
rm $(src).elf $(src).eeprom.hex $(src).fuses.hex $(src).lfuse.hex $(src).hfuse.hex $(src).efuse.hex $(src).flash.hex $(src).o
date
object:
avr-gcc $(cflags) -mmcu=$(avrType) -Wa,-ahlmns=$(src).lst -c -o $(src).o $(src).cpp
elf: object
avr-gcc $(cflags) -mmcu=$(avrType) -o $(src).elf $(src).o
chmod a-x $(src).elf 2>&1
hex: elf
avr-objcopy -j .text -j .data -O ihex $(src).elf $(src).flash.hex
avr-objcopy -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $(src).elf $(src).eeprom.hex
avr-objcopy -j .fuse -O ihex $(src).elf $(src).fuses.hex --change-section-lma .fuse=0
srec_cat $(src).fuses.hex -Intel -crop 0x00 0x01 -offset 0x00 -O $(src).lfuse.hex -Intel
srec_cat $(src).fuses.hex -Intel -crop 0x01 0x02 -offset -0x01 -O $(src).hfuse.hex -Intel
srec_cat $(src).fuses.hex -Intel -crop 0x02 0x03 -offset -0x02 -O $(src).efuse.hex -Intel
disassemble: elf
avr-objdump -s -j .fuse $(src).elf
avr-objdump -C -d $(src).elf 2>&1
eeprom: hex
#avrdude -p$(avrType) -c$(programmerType) -P$(programmerDev) -b$(baud) -v -U eeprom:w:$(src).eeprom.hex
date
fuses: hex
avrdude -p$(avrType) -c$(programmerType) -P$(programmerDev) -b$(baud) -v -U lfuse:w:$(src).lfuse.hex
#avrdude -p$(avrType) -c$(programmerType) -P$(programmerDev) -b$(baud) -v -U hfuse:w:$(src).hfuse.hex
#avrdude -p$(avrType) -c$(programmerType) -P$(programmerDev) -b$(baud) -v -U efuse:w:$(src).efuse.hex
date
dumpelf: elf
avr-objdump -s -h $(src).elf
program: flash eeprom fuses
flash: hex
avrdude -p$(avrType) -c$(programmerType) -P$(programmerDev) -b$(baud) -v -U flash:w:$(src).flash.hex
date
backup:
@for memory in $(memoryTypes); do \
avrdude -p $(avrType) -c$(programmerType) -P$(programmerDev) -b$(baud) -v -U $$memory:r:./$(avrType).$$memory.hex:i; \
done
It may be seem necessary to run avrdude
as root
, if that happens it justifies a question in its own. It can be solved with udev
but requires a bit specific information from how the programmer is recognized by the operating system.
Let me throw in an 'Hello World' that makes a controller pin 2 (PB3) (eg. ATtiny13, ATtiny45, ATtiny85) toggle at 1Hz. Attach an LED and series resistor to the pin and the LED should start to blink.
i
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
DDRB = 0x08;
while (1) {
PORTB = 0x00; _delay_ms(500);
PORTB = 0x08; _delay_ms(500);
}
}
- make flash
Done.
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