Thursday, 6 August 2015

microcontroller - I2C: Unable to Read Multiple Byte using Bit-Banging method


I am using Bit-Banging for I2C communication via PIC24FJ128GA010.


The code works fine for writing 16bytes to EEPROM ( I recieved ACK = 0 for every Byte write ).


While reading EEPROM I am able to read only first Byte. Thereafter all bytes received are 0x00.


My EEPROM Device has 3 Pins ( Data_in, Data_out, CLK).


Here is my code.


**** I2CInterface.h ****


#ifndef I2CINTERFACE_H

#define I2CINTERFACE_H

#include 
#include 
#include 

#define HIGH    1
#define LOW     0

#define SCK             PORTFbits.RF6   // Clock Pin for i2c

#define SDA_OUT         PORTFbits.RF7   // Data Input Pin
#define SDA_IN          PORTFbits.RF8   // Data Output Pin

#define SCK_DIR             TRISFbits.TRISF6   // Clock Pin for i2c
#define SDA_OUT_DIR         TRISFbits.TRISF7   // Data Input Pin
#define SDA_IN_DIR          TRISFbits.TRISF8   // Data Output Pin

#define Set_SDA_OUT_Low     ( SDA_OUT = 0 )
#define Set_SDA_OUT_High    ( SDA_OUT = 1 )
#define Set_SCK_Low         ( SCK     = 0 )

#define Set_SCK_High        ( SCK     = 1 )

#define I2C_SPEED_FACTOR    1          // Low Value means low i2c frequency
#define Crystal_Value       8          // MHz
#define HalfBitDelay        (500*Crystal_Value)/(12*I2C_SPEED_FACTOR)

void InitI2C(void);
void I2C_Start(void);
void I2C_ReStart(void);
bool I2C_Write_Byte(unsigned char Byte);

unsigned char I2C_Read_Byte(void);
void I2C_Stop(void);
bool I2C_Get_ACK(void);
void I2C_Send_ACK(void);
void I2C_Send_NACK(void);
unsigned char I2C_Data_Inverter(unsigned char Byte);     // this function is just for     current circuit.
void __delay_us(unsigned int d);


#endif  /* I2CINTERFACE_H */


***** I2CInterface.c *******


#include "I2CInterface.h"


// Function   : Set Initial values of SCK & SDA pins
void InitI2C(void)
{

    SDA_IN_DIR  =   1;              // Configure RF8 pin as Input;


    SCK_DIR     =   0;              // Configure RF6 pin as Output;
    SDA_OUT_DIR =   0;              // Configure RF7 pin as Output;

    SCK = 1;                        // write 1
    SDA_OUT = 1;                    // write 1

}

//Function : I2C_Start sends bit sequence

void I2C_Start(void)
{

    Set_SCK_High;                   // Make SCK pin High
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );     // Half bit delay

    Set_SDA_OUT_High;               // Make SDA_OUT pin High
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );     // Half bit delay

    Set_SDA_OUT_Low;                // Make SDA_OUT pin Low

    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );     // Half bit delay

}

// Function Purpose: I2C_ReStart sends start bit sequence
void I2C_ReStart(void)
{

    Set_SCK_Low;                // Make SCK pin low
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // Data pin should change it's value,

                            // when it is confirm that SCK is low
    Set_SDA_OUT_High;               // Make SDA pin High
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // 1/4 bit delay

    Set_SCK_High;               // Make SCK pin high
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // 1/4 bit delay

    Set_SDA_OUT_Low;                // Make SDA Low
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // 1/4 bit delay


}

void I2C_Stop(void)
{

    Set_SCK_Low;
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );

    Set_SDA_OUT_Low;                // Make SDA pin low
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );     // 1/4 bit delay


    Set_SCK_High;                   // Make SCK pin low
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );     // Data pin should change it's value,when it is confirm that SCK is low

    Set_SDA_OUT_High;               // Make SDA high
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );     // 1/4 bit delay

}

bool I2C_Write_Byte(unsigned char Byte)

{
    unsigned char i;        // Variable to be used in for loop

    bool ack =  false;

    for(i=0;i<8;i++)        // Repeat for every bit
    {
        Set_SCK_Low;        // Make SCK pin low

        __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // Data pin should change it's value,

                                // when it is confirm that SCK is low

        if((Byte<            Set_SDA_OUT_High;   // If bit is high, make SDA high
        else                // Data is transferred MSB first
            Set_SDA_OUT_Low;    // If bit is low, make SDA low

        __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // Toggle SCK pin
        Set_SCK_High;               // So that slave can
        __delay_us(HalfBitDelay);   // latch data bit


    }
    Set_SCK_Low;
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay );

    Set_SCK_High;
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay );

    ack = SDA_IN;


    return ack;

}

unsigned char I2C_Read_Byte(void)
{
    unsigned char i, RxData = 0;

    for(i=0;i<8;i++)
    {

        Set_SCK_Low;                    // Make SCK pin low
        __delay_us(HalfBitDelay);       // Half bit delay
        Set_SCK_High;                   // Make SCK pin high
        __delay_us( HalfBitDelay );     // 1/4 bit delay
        RxData = RxData |( SDA_IN << (7-i) );   // Captured received bit
    }

    return RxData;                      // Return received byte
}



//Function : I2C_Send_ACK sends ACK bit sequence
void I2C_Send_ACK(void)
{

    Set_SCK_Low;                // Make SCK pin low
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // Data pin should change it's value,
                            // when it is confirm that SCK is low
    Set_SDA_OUT_Low;                // Make SDA High
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // 1/4 bit delay


    Set_SCK_High;               // Make SCK pin high
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay);   // Half bit delay

}


//Function : I2C_Send_NACK sends NACK bit sequence
void I2C_Send_NACK(void)
{


    Set_SCK_Low;                // Make SCK pin low
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // Data pin should change it's value,
                            // when it is confirm that SCK is low
    Set_SDA_OUT_High;               // Make SDA high
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // 1/4 bit delay

    Set_SCK_High;               // Make SCK pin high
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay);   // Half bit delay


}

// Function Purpose: Produce approximate delay in given uSecs.
void __delay_us(unsigned int d)
{
   unsigned int i, limit;
   limit = d/15;

   for(i=0;i

}

**** main.c ****


#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 


#include "src/idmodule.h"
#include "src/lcd.h"
#include "src/I2CInterface.h"

_CONFIG1( JTAGEN_OFF & FWDTEN_OFF )
_CONFIG2( FNOSC_FRCPLL & OSCIOFNC_OFF )


void writeData( void );

void readData( void );
void wait();

bool ackWriteOp[16] = {false};
bool ackReadOp[16] = {false};

bool ackWrite_1 = false, ackWrite_2 = false;
bool ackRead_1 = false, ackRead_2 = false, ackRead_3 = false;

unsigned char dataRead[16] = {0};


unsigned char addr_byte = 0x70;
unsigned char data_byte [] = { 'r', 'a', 't', 'n', 'e', 's', 'h', '#', 's', 'u', 'd', 'h', 'e', 'e', 'r', '#' };


int main()
{
    TRISA = 0;
    TRISD = 0;


    LCD_Initialize();

    idmInitI2C();

    writeData();

    wait();
    wait();

    readData();


    return 0;

}

void writeData( void )
{
    unsigned char i;

    I2C_Start();


    ackWrite_1 = I2C_Write_Byte( 0xA0 );

    ackWrite_2 = I2C_Write_Byte( 0x70 );

    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
    {
        ackWriteOp[i] = I2C_Write_Byte( data_byte[i]);

    }


    I2C_Stop();
}

void readData( void )
{
    unsigned char i;

    I2C_Start();


    ackRead_1 = I2C_Write_Byte(0xA0);

    ackRead_2 = I2C_Write_Byte(0x70);

    I2C_Restart();
    ackRead_3 = I2C_Write_Byte(0xA1);

    for ( i = 0; i < 16; i++)
    {
        dataRead[i] = I2C_Read_Byte();


        if (i < 15){
            I2C_Send_ACK();
        }

    }

    I2C_Send_NACK();
    I2C_Stop();


    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
    {
         LCD_PutChar ( dataRead[i] ) ;
    }
}

void wait()
{
    unsigned int i, j;


    for (i = 0 ; i < 2000; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < 1000; j++);
    }

}

I am unable to find the cause. Might be missing something. Please help me finding the issue.


EDIT: I checked the data writted to the device by manually changing the Byte-addresses. And I can see all the data stored in the device. I guess internally address is not auto-increasing. Is there a way out to command the device for auto increment or is there any logical issue in my code??



Answer




Brief description about the issue.


I have an EEPROM device with 3 pins. Detail of the device can be found Here


I used I2C Bit-Banging concept as suggested to start communication with the device.


Finally I got stuck with the issue. I was able to write the device ( with recieving ACK = 0) for each byte written.


While reading the device I was able to Read the First Byte from the device while for rest Byte I was getting 0x00.


After following all the suggestions above I found that I need to pull SDA_OUT pin HIGH while reading each bit.


Finally I was able to Read all the Bytes from the device.


I am posting I2CInterface.c again with all the changes that made it working.


**** I2CInterface ****


#include "I2CInterface.h"


unsigned tempData[16] = {0};

// Function   : Set Initial values of SCK & SDA pins
void InitI2C(void)
{
    SDA_IN_DIR  =   1;              // Configure RF8 pin as Input;

    SCK_DIR     =   0;              // Configure RF6 pin as Output;
    SDA_OUT_DIR =   0;              // Configure RF7 pin as Output;


    SCK = 1;                        // write 1
    SDA_OUT = 1;                    // write 1

}

//Function : I2C_Start sends bit sequence
void I2C_Start(void)
{
    Set_SCK_High;                   // Make SCK pin High

    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );     // Half bit delay

    Set_SDA_OUT_High;               // Make SDA_OUT pin High
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );     // Half bit delay

    Set_SDA_OUT_Low;                // Make SDA_OUT pin Low
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );     // Half bit delay

}


// Function Purpose: I2C_ReStart sends start bit sequence
void I2C_ReStart(void)
{
    Set_SCK_Low;                // Make SCK pin low
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // Data pin should change it's value,
                            // when it is confirm that SCK is low
    Set_SDA_OUT_High;               // Make SDA pin High
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // 1/4 bit delay

    Set_SCK_High;               // Make SCK pin high

    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // 1/4 bit delay

    Set_SDA_OUT_Low;                // Make SDA Low
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // 1/4 bit delay

}

// Function : I2C_Stop to generate Stop Sequence
void I2C_Stop(void)
{

    Set_SDA_OUT_Low;                // Make SDA pin low
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );     // 1/4 bit delay

    Set_SCK_Low;
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );

    Set_SCK_High;                   // Make SCK pin low
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay );     // Data pin should change it's value,when it is confirm that SCK is low

    Set_SDA_OUT_High;               // Make SDA high

    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay );     // 1/4 bit delay

}

// Function : I2C_Write_Byte to write Bytes
bool I2C_Write_Byte(unsigned char Byte)
{
    unsigned char i;        // Variable to be used in for loop

    bool ack =  false;


    for(i=0;i<8;i++)        // Repeat for every bit
    {
        Set_SCK_Low;        // Make SCK pin low

        __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // Data pin should change it's value,
                                // when it is confirm that SCK is low

        if((Byte<            Set_SDA_OUT_High;   // If bit is high, make SDA high

        else                // Data is transferred MSB first
            Set_SDA_OUT_Low;    // If bit is low, make SDA low

        __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // Toggle SCK pin
        Set_SCK_High;               // So that slave can
        __delay_us(HalfBitDelay);   // latch data bit

    }
    Set_SCK_Low;
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay );


    Set_SCK_High;
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay );

    ack = SDA_IN;

    return ack;  
}

// Function : I2C_Read_Byte reads Byte 

unsigned char I2C_Read_Byte(void)
{
    unsigned char i, RxData = 0;

    for(i=0;i<8;i++)
    {
        Set_SCK_Low;                    // Make SCK pin low
        __delay_us(HalfBitDelay);       // Half bit delay

        Set_SCK_High;                   // Make SCK pin high

        __delay_us( HalfBitDelay );     // 1/4 bit delay

        RxData = RxData |( SDA_IN << (7-i) );   // Captured received bit
        __delay_us( HalfBitDelay/2 );       // 1/4 bit delay

        Set_SDA_OUT_High;
        __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // 1/4 bit delay

    }


    return RxData;                      // Return received byte
}

//Function : I2C_Send_ACK sends ACK bit sequence
void I2C_Send_ACK(void)
{

    Set_SCK_Low;                // Make SCK pin low
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // Data pin should change it's value,
                            // when it is confirm that SCK is low

    Set_SDA_OUT_Low;                // Make SDA High
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // 1/4 bit delay

    Set_SCK_High;               // Make SCK pin high
    __delay_us( HalfBitDelay ); // Half bit delay

}

//Function : I2C_Send_NACK sends NACK bit sequence
void I2C_Send_NACK(void)

{
    SDA_OUT_DIR = 0;

    Set_SDA_OUT_Low;
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2);

    Set_SCK_Low;                // Make SCK pin low
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // Data pin should change it's value,
                            // when it is confirm that SCK is low
    Set_SDA_OUT_High;               // Make SDA high

    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay/2); // 1/4 bit delay

    Set_SCK_High;               // Make SCK pin high
    __delay_us(HalfBitDelay);   // Half bit delay

}

// Function Purpose: Produce approximate delay in given uSecs.
void __delay_us(unsigned int d)
{

   unsigned int i, limit;
   limit = d/15;

   for(i=0;i
}
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