Thursday, 7 June 2018

amplifier - Common emitter, o.p. set by feedback resistor


I am analyzing common emitter amplifier where operating point is set by feedback resistor between b-c. Circuit


Voltage gain showed by symulator is much lower than (-)R2/R1 and input resistance is lower than B*R1 (B is beta, hfe).


What is R3 impact? I am looking for exact formulas (for "by hand" calculating) for k and R_inp. Knowledge about R_out would be also educating.


My goal is understanding voltage and input impedance drop in circuit like below:


Circuit


Predicted: k=U_Rc/25mV=6V/25mV=240 V/V, R_input=(25mV/Ib || 1k)*B || 82k=109k || 82k=47k


Simulated: k=113 V/V, R_input=13k




Answer



For this circuit


schematic


simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab


The input impedance is equal to Rin=(RB+RC)(rπ(β+1)RE)rπ+(β+1)(RC+RE)+RB


Or google the Miller effect How does a Miller cap physically create a pole in circuits? or this Simple op amp question, finding gain and input resistance


AS for your second circuit


schematic


simulate this circuit


$Q_2$ emitter current will be around $700µA$ (If I ignore the base current)



And $I_{C1} \approx \frac{(V1+V2)- 2V_{BE}(1+\frac{R_5}{R_6})}{R_2} \approx 52mA $


Which means that the in a real circuit the $Q_2$ emitter current will be around $800µA$


and $Q_2$ base current will be around $I_{B2} = 2µA$ hence $I_{C1} \approx\frac{(V1+V2)- (2V_{BE}(1+\frac{R_5}{R_6})+I_{B2}R_5) }{R_2}\approx\ 32mA $


So the AC small-signal parameters are:


$r_{e2} = \frac{26mV}{I_E2} = 32\Omega$ and $r_{e1} = \frac{26mV}{I_E1} = 0.8\Omega$


The voltage gain will be around


AVR7||(β+1)re1R7||(β+1)re1+re2R2re1221V/V


We get such big difference because of the BC547C model you used in the simulation.
In your model we see $R_E = 0.6\Omega$


Which means, that $Q_1$ voltage gain stage is



R2re1+RE=200Ω0.8Ω+0.6Ω=143


Therefore the overall voltage gain is around $AV = 143*0.9 = 129 V/V$


And the input resistance is equal around:


RINR6||R5AV+1||[(β+1)(re2+R7||(β+1)re1)]12kΩ


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