Wednesday, 29 January 2020

operational amplifier - Deriving the formula of oscillation frequency for the Phase Shift Oscillator


My aim is to find the oscillation frequency of a Phase Shift Oscillator.


enter image description here


I start by finding transfer function of the cascaded RC network.


Vo(s)=1C3sR3+1C3sV2(s)=11+R3C3sV2(s).


Similarly,


V2(s)=11+R2C2sV1(s)andV1(s)=11+R1C1sVi(s).



Then the transfer function is:


H(s)=Vo(s)Vi(s)=1(1+R1C1s)(1+R2C2s)(1+R3C3s)=1R1R2R3C1C2C3s3+(R1R2C1C2+R2R3C2C3+R1R3C1C3)s2+(R1C1+R2C2+R3C3)s+1


So the frequency response is:


H(jω)=1jω[(R1C1+R2C2+R3C3)R1R2R3C1C2C3ω2]+[1(R1R2C1C2+R2R3C2C3+R1R3C1C3)ω2]


Now, we are looking for a special $\omega$ value, $\omega_0$, for which the argument of $H(wj)$ will be $\pm180^o$. Clearly, it happens when


R1C1+R2C2+R3C3=R1R2R3C1C2C3ω2|ω=ω0.


Hence we find the oscillation frequency as


ω0=R1C1+R2C2+R3C3R1R2R3C1C2C3f0=12πR1C1+R2C2+R3C3R1R2R3C1C2C3.


When $\quad R_1=R_2=R_3=R\quad$ and $\quad C_1=C_2=C_3=C\quad$:


f0=32πRC



However, according to all online articles including Wikipedia, the formula for the oscillation frequency is


f0=12πRC6.


I did an experiment with the exact circuit I attached above with $R=1k\Omega$, $C=100nF$, $R_i=1k\Omega$ and $R_f=33k\Omega$ by using TL084 opamp. I observed the oscillation period as 7.4ms.


According to the formula I derived above, it should have been


τ0=2π(1kΩ)(100nF)/3=362.76ns.


And according to the other's formula, it should have been


τ0=2π(1kΩ)(100nF)6=1.539ms.


Finally, my questions are:



  1. Why is the formula I found above is different than the other's formula? Where did I make the mistake? Did using a an extra opamp for buffer affect it?


  2. Why does the period of my oscillator differ so much from what the both formula say?




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