Tuesday, 9 May 2017

matlab - Values got from programmed PID are different from ones simulated in Simulink


Please also read Update


I created a PID simulation in Simulink:


enter image description here


where the Step block is set with parameters:


Set time = 0
Initial value = 0
Final value = 100
Sample time = 0.01


And I coded the above PID in MATLAB:


classdef PID < handle
properties
Kp = 0
Ki = 0
Kd = 0
SetPoint = 1
Dt = 0.01
end


properties (Access = private)
IState = 0
PreErr = 0
end

methods
function obj = PID(Kp, Ki, Kd, SetPoint, Dt)
if nargin == 0
return;

end
obj.Kp = Kp;
obj.Ki = Ki;
obj.Kd = Kd;
obj.SetPoint = SetPoint;
obj.Dt = Dt;
end

function output = update(obj, measuredValue, t)
err = obj.SetPoint - measuredValue;

P = obj.getP(err);
I = obj.getI(err);
filter = lowPass(obj,t);
D = obj.getD(err*filter);
output = P + I + D;
end

function val = getP(obj, err)
val = obj.Kp*err;
end


function val = getI(obj, err)
obj.IState = obj.IState + err * obj.Dt;
val = obj.Ki * obj.IState;
end

function val = getD(obj, err)
val = obj.Kd * (err - obj.PreErr) / obj.Dt;
obj.PreErr = err;
end


function val = lowPass(obj,t)
N = 1;
val = 1-exp(-N*t);
end
end
end

The transfer function same as the one in the Simulink:


function r = getResponse(t)

r = 0.2 - 0.2*exp(-5*t);
end

And the code for the programmatic simulation:


sr = 1e2; % sampling rate 100Hz
st = 10; % sampling time 10s
ss = st*sr+1; % sample size
t = 0:1/sr:st; % time

input = ones(1,ss)*100;

output = zeros(1,ss);
measured = 0;

pid = PID(0,1,0,input(1),t(2)-t(1)); %Kp=0,Ki=1,Kd=0
for i = 2:ss
rPID(i) = pid.update(measured, t(i));
output(i) = rPID(i)*getResponse(t(i));
measured = output(i);
end
figure;

hold on;
plot(t,output)
plot(t,input)
plot(t,rPID)
legend('Output','Input','PID')

I have confirmed that when Kp=1; Ki=0; Kd=0;, both simulations yield the exact same result. But when I set Kp=0; Ki=1; Kd=0;, the results are different.


Simulink result:


enter image description here


Programmatic simulation result:



enter image description here


As you can see, not only the final values are completely different, but the difference starts from the very beginning at the first time stamp 0.01s. I can't think of how Simulink does the calculation and where my mistake is. (I know I must have some mistake in low pass filter -> the derivative term, but they are isolated from this example.)


The last time I did control system was years ago in undergraduate, so I must have made some very fundamental mistakes.





I recalculated the inverse Laplace transformation. It turns out my previous calculation is incorrect. The correct getResponse function is:


function r = getResponse(t)
r = 1 - exp(-5*t);
end


After this correction, the result looks much similar:


enter image description here


However, there is still some minor differences. Here's a figure showing the difference (programmatic simulation result - Simulink):


enter image description here




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