I like this explanation of why there's nothing wrong with conventional current being the opposite direction from electron current. It mentions batteries and fluorescent bulbs as two cases where the current is not a flow of electrons. (As well as ion flow in human beings and proton flow in water ice, though those are not electrical components.) What other electrical components involve flows of charge that are not electrons? Does this happen in the electrolyte of electrolytic capacitors?
From the topic electron theory we know that metals emit electrons easily and semi-conductors and electrolytes emit them with great difficulty. The electrons in the electrolyte are in fact not free but are bound in ions. http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/polarization-capacitor.htm
Do holes in semiconductors really count, since they're not physical particles?
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