Friday, 11 May 2018

operational amplifier - Designing voltage summer without op-amp


from https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/106241/operational-amplifier-adder


The above circuit is from Operational Amplifier Adder.


Now remove feedback resistor and op-amp, and get the output. From the answer of the question, I know how the end result for Vout would be, assuming load resistance exists.


But now suppose that there are N inputs, and there is some load resistance RL. Can anyone show me a simple way or equation of quantifying how load resistance makes the sum result diverge from the ideal value? (The question comes from the fact that adding parallel resistances involve ||, which when expressed into final output takes a lot of time to expand and I still do not know whether there exists a general formula for any N inputs.)



Answer



The output voltage is


VOUT=R1||R2||..||Rn||RL(Vi/Ri)=(R1||R2||..||Rn)||RL(Vi/Ri)=RKRLRK+RL(Vi/Ri)


where $R_K = R_1||R_2||..||R_n$


If you consider the ideal output voltage is when $R_L = \infty $, then



VOUTVIDEAL=RLRK+RL


To look at it intuitively, $R_K$ is simply the Thévenin equivalent source resistance of the divider without the load resistor.


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