converter - Transformless power supply without ground

I would like to make a transformerless power supply, I found some description on the Internet like this pdf provided by Microchip. My question is it is possible to use only the phase line(without neutral line) to build a transformerless power supply and power up a microcontroller, for example in the wall mounted light switch I have only the phase.

This is what I found on the Internet, there is only two wire.

EDITED

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I just order one of this bulb dimmer, here is a few picture:

And inside the cover:

It seams that there aren't a battery, how is it possible that this circuit is working?

Answer

You need them both, otherwise you have no voltage difference and no power. You may have to pull wires from a wall outlet instead of the switch. The wall outlet has both phase and neutral.

edit
I had a look at the product you refer to in your edit, and you probably mean this:

I'm not sure, but my guess is that it parasites on the load by placing a small load in series which gives it enough voltage drop to power it. But that would mean it has to switch a load on from time to time to keep going.

In any case, if the \$In\$ comes from a switch, and the \$Out1\$ goes to the neutral, the only thing to make it work is a battery.